Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized procedure used to diagnose and treat problems of the bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreatic ducts. Doctors commonly recommend ERCP when a patient has symptoms such as jaundice, severe abdominal pain, unexplained pancreatitis, or abnormal liver function tests. It is especially useful for identifying and treating bile duct stones, strictures (narrowing), leaks, infections, or tumors that block the normal flow of bile or pancreatic juice.
During the procedure, a thin, flexible endoscope is passed through the mouth, down the esophagus, and into the stomach and small intestine. A small catheter is then guided into the bile or pancreatic duct, and contrast dye is injected to make the ducts visible on X-ray imaging. Unlike many diagnostic tests, ERCP also allows treatment at the same time. Doctors can remove stones, place stents to open blocked ducts, or take tissue samples if needed.
ERCP is usually performed under sedation or anesthesia to ensure patient comfort. It is a highly effective and minimally invasive procedure that can relieve symptoms quickly and prevent serious complications. When performed by experienced specialists, ERCP plays a vital role in accurate diagnosis and successful treatment planning.
